After this he studied for a year at the University of Berlin under the Privatdozent Heinrich Zimmer, with whom he studied Celtic, and Hermann Oldenberg with whom he continued his studies of Sanskrit. Two years later, at 21, Saussure published a book entitled Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indo-européennes ( Dissertation on the Primitive Vowel System in Indo-European Languages). Saussure was not pleased, as he complained: "I entered the Collège de Genève, to waste a year there as completely as a year can be wasted." Īfter a year of studying Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit and taking a variety of courses at the University of Geneva, he commenced graduate work at the University of Leipzig in 1876. Graduating at the top of class, Saussure expected to continue his studies at the Gymnase de Genève, but his father decided he was not mature enough at fourteen and a half, and sent him to the Collège de Genève instead. There he lived with the family of a classmate, Elie David. In the autumn of 1870, he began attending the Institution Martine (previously the Institution Lecoultre until 1969), in Geneva. Saussure showed signs of considerable talent and intellectual ability as early as the age of fourteen. His father, Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure, was a mineralogist, entomologist, and taxonomist. 4.2 Saussure versus the social Darwinists.4.1 Structuralism versus generative grammar.As Leonard Bloomfield stated after reviewing the Cours: "he has given us the theoretical basis for a science of human speech". It is particularly marked in linguistics, philosophy, psychoanalysis, psychology, sociology and anthropology." Although they have undergone extension and critique over time, the dimensions of organization introduced by Saussure continue to inform contemporary approaches to the phenomenon of language. One of his translators, Roy Harris, summarized Saussure's contribution to linguistics and the study of "the whole range of human sciences. He is widely considered one of the founders of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major founders (together with Charles Sanders Peirce) of semiotics, or semiology, as Saussure called it. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiotics in the 20th century. Ferdinand de Saussure ( / s oʊ ˈ sj ʊər/ French: 26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher.
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